ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Earlier attempts to stabilise an emulsion, intended for chronic periodontitis treatment which composed of doxycycline hyclate (DH), Nigella sativa oil (NSO), eugenol and several combinations of surfactants failed. To solve the issue, we investigated the ability of lecithin alone and its combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to stabilise the emulsion. Method: Compatibility between DH and other ingredients was first investigated using DSC and ATR-IR. The emulsion was characterised, firstly by preparing three phases: doxycycline/preservatives with or without HPMC (varying quantities), NSO/eugenol and lecithin/surfactants as aqueous, oil and emulsifier phases, respectively. The phases were added and emulsified sequentially at 7000 rpm (10 min) with an overhead stirrer and then at 3000 rpm (15min) using a high-shear mixer. DH assay was performed using validated HPLC method. Results: All ingredients were found to be compatible with doxycycline based on DSC, ATR-IR and supported by acceptable recovery (98.2±2.2 %) of DH from the emulsion. Stable emulsions were produced with particle size of 198.6±8.2 to 279.3±10.7 nm and zeta potential of -48.2±0.4 to -64.0±3.9 mV. The emulsions showed high viscosity (~200 Pa.s) at zero shear rate and exhibited shear-thinning flow upon increased in shear stress yielding viscosity of ~3 Pa.s at 100 s-1 indicating pseudoplastic behaviour suitable for pre-filled syringe packaging intended for delivery into periodontal pocket. Conclusion: Lecithin is an excellent emulsifier that can also impart pseudoplasticity for a complex emulsion constitute of drug and natural oils. This could pave the way for a more complex emulsion formulation fusing contemporary and therapeutic oils
ABSTRACT
An alkaloid from Maclurodendron porteri has been isolated and characterized. Extraction process was conducted by acid-base extraction method followed by column chromatography. The structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The compound was identified as haplophytin B which occurs commonly in the Rutaceae family. However, this is the first time this alkaloid was isolated and reported from the species. The compound showed no inhibition against Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli and no cytotoxic activity against H199 and A549 cell lines.